Answer:  Under California law, all licenses issued to sixteen and seventeen-year-olds are provisional and subject to more restrictions than a regular license. Under the new law, teenagers must hold the instruction permit for six months before they can take a driving test for the provisional license. As of July 1, 1998, those who apply for an instructional permit come under the new law.
Links: California Department of Motor Vehicles

Answer:  Never put an infant in the front seat of a vehicle with a passenger air bag.
Properly restrain children ages 12 and under in the back seat whenever possible.
Use a rear-facing infant or convertible seat from birth until the child is at least 1 year and weighs at least 20 pounds.
Use a forward facing convertible seat for a child over 1 year and weighs over 20 pounds to 4 years and/or weighs 40 pounds.
Use a car booster seat for children who weigh between approximately 40 and 60/80 pounds - usually between 4 and 8 years old.
Use a lap/shoulder belt for those children who have outgrown booster seats. Ensure that the lap belt fits across the child's hips and does not ride up across the stomach. The shoulder belt fit across the chest and not cross the face or neck.
Links: National SAFE KIDS Campaign